(back to Shade page) FERNS
These are the plants whose ancestors greened the planet before the conifers and flowering plants evolved. They have survived the dinosaurs; so, there’s no reason they can’t survive in your garden.
Though most ferns do best in a moist, shaded location, others will tolerated moderately dry soils and some direct light. Their fine texture and graceful form contrasts well with the bold foliage of other shade lovers like hostas, helibores, rodgersia and mayapples; and, blend with the similar structure of astilbes.
SOIL
Like most shade plants, ferns prefer a woodland type soil - that is, high in humus (50% to 75%) and acidic (5.5pH or lower). A soil test can provide this information and can be done through your local agricultural extension office. Thorough preparation of soil before planting is best (this is the 1st rule of all perennial gardening). The use of readily decaying mulches like shredded leaves, leaf compost or composted manures will continue to add to the soil. A bed maintained in this manner should require minimal addition of chemical fertilizers; however, a lot of decaying matter can temporarily rob nitrogen from the soil. Watch foliage color for signs of nitrogen deficiency.
PLANTING
The crown of the plant should be just below the surface in a hole a little bigger than the root system of your plant and backfilled with loose soil. Adequate spacing should be maintained between plants to allow them to exhibit their natural beauty. Exact spacing will depend on the variety.
CARE
Maintaining a layer of decaying mulch as mentioned above is important. Avoid deep cultivation around the plants since the rhizomes must be free to creep just under the surface of the soil in order for the ferns to spread. Ferns can be divided although it is usually not necessary for the health of the plant. Spring is the best time to divide ferns if desired. Ferns become increasingly beautiful with each passing year when left undisturbed.
Once established ferns will spread readily and are very long lived - we’re talking 20 years and more.